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The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles
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Introductory Notice To The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.
[2366] [Compare Rev. ii. 2 and 9.]
[2367] [In obscure regions such an admission is clearly consistent with apostolic experience. Compare 1 Cor. iv. 16, 17, xi. 34; Gal. iv. 9.]
[2368] [Compare 1 John iv. 1; Titus i. 10.]
The Lord’s Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations.
[2369] The longer title is supposed to be the original one; the shorter, a popular abridgment. The latter has no real connection with Acts ii. 42. Many hold that the term “nations” (or “Gentiles”) points to a Jewish Christian as the author (so Bryennios), though this is denied by others (so Brown). A similar diversity of opinion exists as to the class of readers; but, if the early date is accepted, the more probable theory is, that the first part at least of the manual was for the instruction of catechumens of Gentile birth (so Bryennios, Schaff). Others extend it to Gentile Christians.
Chapter I.—The Two Ways; The First Commandment.
[2370] This phrase connects the book with the Duæ Viæ; see Introductory Notice. Barnabas has “light” and “darkness” for “life” and “death.”
[2371] Deut. xxx. 15, 19; Jer. xxi. 8; Matt. vii. 13, 1414
[2372] Comp. Deut. vi. 5, which is fully cited in Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 2, though the verb here is more exactly cited from LXX.
[2373] Lev. xix. 18; Matt. xxii. 37, 39. Comp. Mark xii. 30, 3131
[2374] Comp. Tobit iv. 15; and Matt. vii. 12; Luke vi. 31
[2375] These Old-Testament commands are thus taught by the Lord.
[2376] Matt. v. 44. But the last clause is added, and is of unknown origin; not found in Apostolic Constitutions
[2377] Matt. v. 46, 47; Luke vi. 32. The two passages are combined.
[2378] So Apostolic Constitutions. Comp. 1 Pet. iii. 13
[2379] 1 Pet. ii. 11. The Codex has σωματικῶν, “bodily;” but editors correct to κοσμικῶν
[2380] Matt. v. 39; Luke vi. 29.
[2382] Matt. v. 40; Luke vi. 29
[2383] Luke vi. 30. The last clause is a peculiar addition: “art not able,” since thou art a Christian; otherwise it is a commonplace observation.
[2384] Luke vi. 30. The rest of the sentence is explained by the parallel passage in Apostolic Constitutions, which cites Matt. v. 45.
[2385] Bryennios finds a parallel (or citation) in Hermas, Commandment Second, p. 20, vol. i. Ante-Nicene Fathers. The remainder of this chapter has no parallel in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2386] Gr. ἐν συνοχῇ. Probably = imprisonment; see next clause.
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