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The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles
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Introductory Notice To The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.
[2487] Lit., “nourishment,” “food.”
[2488] Matt. x. 10; comp. Luke x. 7.
[2489] This phrase, indicating a sacerdotal view of the ministry, seems to point to a later date than that claimed for the Teaching. Some regard it as an interpolation: others take it in a figurative sense. In Apostolic Constitutions the sacerdotal view is more marked. [1 Pet. ii. 9. If the plebs = “priests,” prophets = “high priests.”] Here the term is restricted to the prophets: compare Schaff in loco.
Chapter XIV.—Christian Assembly on the Lord’s Day.
[2490] Verses 1 and 3 are given substantially in Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 30. This chapter would seem to belong more properly before chap. viii.; but the same order of topics is followed in Apostolic Constitutions,—a remarkable proof of literary connection.
[2491] Comp. Rev. i. 10. Here the full form is κατὰ κυριακὴν δὲ Κυρίον. If the early date is allowed, this verse confirms the view that from the first the Lord’s Day was observed, and that, too, by a eucharistic celebration.
[2492] Comp chap. iv. 14. No parallel in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2493] On this spiritual sense of “sacrifice,” comp. Rom. xii. 1; Phil. ii. 17; Heb. xiii. 15; 1 Pet. ii. 5.
[2494] “That hath the (or, any) dispute” (ἀμφιβολίαν); comp. Matt. v. 23, 24.
[2495] [See Mal. i. 11. See Irenæus, cap. xvii. 5, vol. i. p. 484.]
[2496] Mal. i. 11, 14. Quoted in Apostolic Constitutions and by several Ante-Nicene Fathers, with the same reference to the Eucharist.
Chapter XV.—Bishops and Deacons; Christian Reproof.
[2497] The larger part of verse 1, and a clause from verses 2, 3, respectively, are found in Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 31. Verses 1, 2, both in the use of terms and in the Church polity indicated, point to an early date: (1) There are evident marks of a transition from extraordinary to ordinary ministers. (2) The distinction between bishops and elders does not appear [1 Pet. v. 1. Vol. i. p. 16, this series], and yet it is found in Ignatius. (3) The word χειροτονέω is here used in the sense of “elect” or “appoint” (by show of hands), and not in that of “ordain” (by laying on of hands). The former is the New Testament sense (Acts xiv. 23; 2 Cor. viii. 19), also in Ignatius; the latter sense is found in Apostolic Canons, i. (4) The choice by the people also indicates an early period.
[2498] Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 4.
[2499] Or, “ministry.” This clause and the following verse indicate that the extraordinary ministers were as yet more highly regarded.
[2500] Comp. Matt. xviii. 15-17.
[2501] The word ἀστοχέω, occurring here, means “to miss the mark;” in New Testament, “to err” or, “swerve.” See 1 Tim. i. 6, vi. 21; 2 Tim. ii. 18.
[2502] The reference here is probably to the Sermon on the Mount: Matt. v.vii., especially to chap. vi.
Chapter XVI.—Watchfulness; The Coming of the Lord.
[2503] The resemblance between this chapter and Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 31, 32, is mainly in order of topics and in the identity of some phrases and terms. Verses 3 and 4 (to the word “world-deceiver”) are reproduced almost verbatim. That the writer of the Teaching used Matt. xxiv. is extremely probable, but the connection of Apostolic Constitutions, with this passage is evident. In Barnabas, iv., there are a few corresponding phrases.
[2504] Or, “over your life;” the clause occurs verbatim in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2505] Comp. Luke xii. 35, which is exactly cited in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2507] Here Barnabas, iv., furnishes a parallel.
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