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The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles
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Introductory Notice To The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.
[2496] Mal. i. 11, 14. Quoted in Apostolic Constitutions and by several Ante-Nicene Fathers, with the same reference to the Eucharist.
Chapter XV.—Bishops and Deacons; Christian Reproof.
[2497] The larger part of verse 1, and a clause from verses 2, 3, respectively, are found in Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 31. Verses 1, 2, both in the use of terms and in the Church polity indicated, point to an early date: (1) There are evident marks of a transition from extraordinary to ordinary ministers. (2) The distinction between bishops and elders does not appear [1 Pet. v. 1. Vol. i. p. 16, this series], and yet it is found in Ignatius. (3) The word χειροτονέω is here used in the sense of “elect” or “appoint” (by show of hands), and not in that of “ordain” (by laying on of hands). The former is the New Testament sense (Acts xiv. 23; 2 Cor. viii. 19), also in Ignatius; the latter sense is found in Apostolic Canons, i. (4) The choice by the people also indicates an early period.
[2498] Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 4.
[2499] Or, “ministry.” This clause and the following verse indicate that the extraordinary ministers were as yet more highly regarded.
[2500] Comp. Matt. xviii. 15-17.
[2501] The word ἀστοχέω, occurring here, means “to miss the mark;” in New Testament, “to err” or, “swerve.” See 1 Tim. i. 6, vi. 21; 2 Tim. ii. 18.
[2502] The reference here is probably to the Sermon on the Mount: Matt. v.vii., especially to chap. vi.
Chapter XVI.—Watchfulness; The Coming of the Lord.
[2503] The resemblance between this chapter and Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 31, 32, is mainly in order of topics and in the identity of some phrases and terms. Verses 3 and 4 (to the word “world-deceiver”) are reproduced almost verbatim. That the writer of the Teaching used Matt. xxiv. is extremely probable, but the connection of Apostolic Constitutions, with this passage is evident. In Barnabas, iv., there are a few corresponding phrases.
[2504] Or, “over your life;” the clause occurs verbatim in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2505] Comp. Luke xii. 35, which is exactly cited in Apostolic Constitutions.
[2507] Here Barnabas, iv., furnishes a parallel.
[2508] This reference to the last days as present or impending is an evidence of early date; comp. Barnabas, iv., and many passages in the New Testament. The mistake has been in measuring God’s prophetic chronology by our mathematical standard of years.
[2509] Comp. Matt. xxiv. 11, 12.
[2510] Comp. Matt. xxiv. 10.
[2511] ὁ κοσμοπλάνος, found only here and in Apostolic Constitutions, vii. 32. Comp. 2 Thess. ii. 3-4, 8; Rev. xii. 9.
[2512] Not found in Apostolic Constitutions. The expression plainly implies the belief that Jesus Christ was Son of God.
[2513] Comp. Matt. xxiv. 24. The rest of the verse has no parallel.
[2514] Comp. 1 Pet. iv. 12. where πύρωσις also occurs.
[2515] Comp. Matt x. 22 and similar passages; none of them directly cited here.
[2516] ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ τοῦ καταθέματος, “from under the curse itself:” namely, that which has just been described. Bryennios and others render “by the curse Himself;” that is, Christ, whom they were tempted to revile. All other interpretations either rest on textual emendations or are open to grammatical objections. Of the two given above, that of Hall and Napier seems preferable.
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